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Inducible expression of PTX3, a new member of the pentraxin family, in
human mononuclear phagocytes
VV Alles, B Bottazzi, G Peri, J Golay, M Introna and A Mantovani
Laboratory of Immunology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Mario Negri,
Milano, Italy.
The pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP)
are acute-phase proteins produced by liver epithelial cells. PTX3 was
recently cloned as an interleukin-1 (IL-1)-inducible gene in endothelial
cells, with structural similarities to pentraxins in the C- terminal half
of the molecule. The present study was designed to investigate the
expression of PTX3 in the human leukocyte populations. Human peripheral
blood mononuclear cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or IL-1 beta
expressed significant levels of PTX3 mRNA. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-alpha) was a less-effective inducer of PTX3, whereas IL-6, monocyte
chemotactic protein-1, macrophage colony- stimulating factor,
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interferon-gamma were
inactive. Among leukocytes, only monocytes exposed to inflammatory
cytokines or LPS expressed the PTX3 transcript, which was undetectable in
resting or stimulated polymorphonuclear cells, T or B lymphocytes, and
natural killer cells. PTX3 mRNA was also inducible in in vitro
monocyte-derived macrophages, in tumor-associated macrophages, and in the
myelomonocytic cell lines HL60, U937, and THP1, but not in GFD8, with the
latter possibly representative of earlier stages of myelomonocytic
differentiation. T- and B-cell lines had no detectable PTX3. Inhibition of
transcription by actinomycin D blocked induction of PTX3 in monocytes and
nuclear run-on analysis showed that LPS induces the expression of the PTX3
gene at the transcriptional level in isolated monocytes. Cycloheximide had
no effect on PTX3 induction in U937 cells, but was inhibitory on monocytes
exposed to LPS or IL-1 beta. Monoclonal antibody against TNF and the IL-1
receptor antagonists did not inhibit induction of PTX3 in monocytes by LPS,
thus excluding these cytokines as secondary stimulators of PTX3. IL-4, but
not dexamethasone or transforming growth factor-beta, inhibited PTX3
expression in monocytes. Using a PTX3-specific antiserum, release of PTX3
protein was demonstrated for the first time in stimulated monocytes as well
as in endothelial and fibroblastic cells. Thus, PTX3, unlike the classical
pentraxins CRP and SAP, is expressed and released by cells of the
monocyte-macrophage lineage exposed to inflammatory signals.
Volume 84,
Issue 10,
pp. 3483-3493,
11/15/1994
Copyright © 1994 by The American Society of Hematology
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