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Involvement of the sphingomyelin pathway in autocrine tumor necrosis factor
signaling for human immunodeficiency virus production in chronically
infected HL-60 cells
CI Rivas, DW Golde, JC Vera and RN Kolesnick
Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan-
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent inducer of human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) proviral transcription and subsequent mature virus production.
Recent investigations have shown that TNF can use a signal transduction
pathway in HL-60 cells involving sphingomyelin hydrolysis to ceramide with
subsequent stimulation of a ceramide-linked kinase. When sphingomyelinase
was added exogenously to activate this cascade in HIV-1-infected HL-60
cells, it mimicked TNF- induced HIV production. Phospholipases A2, C, or D,
which do not generate ceramide, had no effect; however, a synthetic
ceramide analog added exogenously potently induced HIV production. In
addition, anti- TNF antibodies blocked much of the effect of both
sphingomyelinase and the synthetic ceramide analog on virus expression,
suggesting that, although signaling is initiated through the sphingomyelin
pathway, it is sustained by autocrine TNF synthesis. Thus, direct
activation of the sphingomyelin pathway recapitulated the effect of TNF on
both HIV and TNF production. These studies indicate that the sphingomyelin
pathway is involved in TNF signaling for HIV production in chronically
infected myeloid cells.
Volume 83,
Issue 8,
pp. 2191-2197,
04/15/1994
Copyright © 1994 by The American Society of Hematology

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