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Effect of gamma irradiation of red blood cell units on T-cell inactivation
as assessed by limiting dilution analysis: implications for preventing
transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
MM Pelszynski, G Moroff, NL Luban, BJ Taylor and RR Quinones
Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's National Medical Center,
Washington, DC 20010.
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease can be prevented by
treating cellular blood products with gamma irradiation. A wide range of
gamma irradiation dose levels has been used in routine practice. We used
limiting dilution analysis, which measures clonable T cells, to assess the
influence of 500 to 3,000 cGy of gamma irradiation delivered from a 137Cs
source on T cells when delivered in situ to ADSOL- preserved red blood cell
(RBC) units in blood bags. In a series of experiments using RBC units
irradiated within 24 hours after collection, 1,500 cGy inactivated > 4
log10 of T cells; however, viable T cells were detected in all experiments.
With 2,000 cGy, a > or = 4.7 log10 decrement in T-cell growth occurred
in 7 of 8 experiments. With 2,500 or 3,000 cGy, no T-cell growth (> 5
log10 depletion) was detected. Comparable effects were observed with
ADSOL-preserved RBC units in the standard PL 146 plastic container and in
the recently developed PL 2209 plastic container. T-cell inactivation, as a
function of gamma irradiation dose, was similar when either a 137Cs or a
linear accelerator source was used. T cells isolated from ADSOL-preserved
RBC units after storage for 7 and 21 days, although reduced in number as
compared with a fresh unit stored for 24 hours, were viable, capable of
proliferation, and susceptible to inactivation by gamma irradiation. Using
a sensitive in vitro assay for T-cell proliferation, we found that a gamma
irradiation dose of 2,500 cGy may be required to completely inactivate T
cells in RBC units.
Volume 83,
Issue 6,
pp. 1683-1689,
03/15/1994
Copyright © 1994 by The American Society of Hematology
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