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Phenotypic difference of normal plasma cells from mature myeloma cells
H Harada, MM Kawano, N Huang, Y Harada, K Iwato, O Tanabe, H Tanaka, A Sakai, H Asaoku and A Kuramoto
Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan.
We have recently shown that two-color analysis with fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC)-anti-CD38 antibody could clearly distinguish myeloma
cells (plasma cells) from other hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow.
Myeloma cells (plasma cells) alone were located at CD38strong positive (++)
fractions. To further distinguish normal plasma cells from mature myeloma
cells phenotypically, we examined immunophenotypes of normal plasma cells
and myeloma cells by two-color flow cytometry with FITC-anti-CD38 antibody
and phycoerythrin staining with antibody to VLA-4, MPC-1, CD44, CD56, CD19,
CD20, CD24, or CD10. Normal plasma cells were all VLA-4+VLA-5+MPC-1+CD44+
CD19+CD56- in the bone marrows from seven healthy donors, tonsils from four
patients with chronic tonsillitis, a spleen from one patient with
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and lymph nodes from two patients with
chronic lymphadenitis, respectively. On the other hand, mature myeloma
cells (12 of 20 cases), VLA-4+VLA-5+MPC-1+, were all CD19- and most of them
CD56+, and there were no myeloma cells with the CD19+CD56- phenotype in the
20 cases of myelomas we tested. Thus, as for the expression of CD19 and
CD56, normal plasma cells from various tissues are all CD19+CD56-, whereas
no myeloma cells have the CD19+CD56- phenotype. According to this finding,
we investigated the expression of CD19 and CD56 on plasma cells (CD38++
fractions) in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).
Both CD19+CD56- and CD19-DC56+ plasma cells were found in all five cases of
MGUS we tested, suggesting that MGUS consists of phenotypically normal
plasma cells and myeloma cells. Therefore, it is reasoned that phenotypic
analysis of plasma cells with anti-CD19 and anti-CD56 antibodies can
distinguish normal plasma cells from malignant plasma cells (myeloma
cells), and can detect malignant plasma cells even in MGUS or premyeloma
states.
Volume 81,
Issue 10,
pp. 2658-2663,
05/15/1993
Copyright © 1993 by The American Society of Hematology
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