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Clinical significance of the BCR-ABL fusion gene in adult acute
lymphoblastic leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study (8762)
CA Westbrook, AL Hooberman, C Spino, RK Dodge, RA Larson, F Davey, DH Wurster- Hill, RE Sobol, C Schiffer and CD Bloomfield
Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, IL.
The Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome, or its molecular counterpart, the
BCR-ABL fusion gene, is a rare but important prognostic indicator in
childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its impact on adult ALL
has not been well ascertained. A prospective study of the BCR-ABL fusion
gene was begun on patients entered on clinical trials conducted by the
Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB). All patients received intensive,
multiagent chemotherapy that included daunorubicin. Over 2 years, 56
patients were studied for molecular evidence of a BCR-ABL gene using
Southern blot and pulsed-field gel hybridization analysis. Results were
compared with cytogenetic detection of a Ph1 chromosome, and clinical
features were compared for the BCR-ABL-positive and - negative groups.
Molecular methods detected the BCR-ABL gene in 30% of cases compared with
cytogenetic detection of the Ph1 chromosome in only 23%. The majority of
cases (76%) showed the p190 gene subtype similar to pediatric ALL; the
BCR-ABL-positive cases displayed a more homogeneous immunophenotype than
the BCR-ABL-negative cases and were predominantly CALLA positive (86%) and
B-cell surface antigen positive (82%). The rate of achieving complete
remission was similar in the BCR- ABL-positive and -negative groups (71%
and 77%, respectively, P = .72). There were more early relapses in the
BCR-ABL-positive group, resulting in a shorter remission duration that was
especially marked in the CALLA- positive and B-cell antigen-positive
populations. These preliminary data suggest that the impact of the BCR-ABL
gene on clinical outcome in ALL may be on maintenance of complete remission
(CR) rather than achievement of CR when aggressive, multiagent chemotherapy
is used. This study identifies the BCR-ABL gene as an important factor in
adult ALL and demonstrates the utility of molecular methods for its
accurate diagnosis.
Volume 80,
Issue 12,
pp. 2983-2990,
12/15/1992
Copyright © 1992 by The American Society of Hematology
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