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Susceptibility of human erythropoietic cells to B19 parvovirus in vitro
increases with differentiation
T Takahashi, K Ozawa, K Takahashi, S Asano and F Takaku
Department of Hematology-Oncology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
B19 human parvovirus is the etiologic agent of transient aplastic crisis.
To better understand B19 virus-induced hematopoietic suppression, we
studied the host cell range of the virus using in vitro bone marrow
cultures. First, B19 virus replication was examined in the presence of
various purified cytokines using DNA dot blot analysis. Replication was
detected only in erythropoietin-containing cultures. The other cytokines
(granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], G-CSF, M-CSF,
interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-2, IL-3, and IL-6) did not support virus
replication, indicating the restriction of B19 virus replication to the
erythroid cell lineage. Second, hematopoietic progenitor cells were
serially assayed in B19-infected and uninfected bone marrow cultures. At
initiation, B19 virus infection caused marked and moderate reduction in
colony-forming unit erythroid (CFU-E) and burst-forming unit erythroid
(BFU-E) numbers, respectively, without affecting CFU-Mix and CFU-GM
numbers. Interestingly, the recovery of the erythroid progenitor numbers
was observed at a late stage of cultures despite the sustained reduction in
erythroblasts. The cells in the bursts derived from such reappearing BFU-E
did not contain the virus genome. Although infectious virus was detected in
the culture supernatants, the cultured CFU-E harvested at day 5 was
relatively resistant to B19 virus infection compared with the CFU-E in
fresh bone marrow. These findings suggest that pluripotent stem cells
escaped B19 virus infection and restored the erythroid progenitor cells
later in infected cultures. We conclude that the target cells of B19 virus
are in the erythroid lineage from BFU-E to erythroblasts, with
susceptibility to the virus increasing along with differentiation.
Furthermore, the suppression of erythropoiesis and the subsequent recovery
of the erythroid progenitor numbers in B19-infected liquid cultures may be
analogous in part to the clinical features of B19 virus- induced transient
aplastic crisis.
Volume 75,
Issue 3,
pp. 603-610,
02/01/1990
Copyright © 1990 by The American Society of Hematology
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