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Mast cell typing: demonstration of a distinct hematopoietic cell type and
evidence for immunophenotypic relationship to mononuclear phagocytes
P Valent, LK Ashman, W Hinterberger, F Eckersberger, O Majdic, K Lechner and P Bettelheim
I. Medical Department, University of Vienna, Austria.
The immunologic surface marker profile of human mast cells (MCs) was
established using a combined toluidine/immunofluorescence staining
procedure [49 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) tested]. Ascites (n = 9) MCs as
well as enzymatically dispersed MCs from all organs tested (lung n = 11,
skin n = 7, intestinum n = 10) exhibited an identical marker profile. MCs
were recognized by MoAbs clustered as CD9 (anti-gp24), CD33 (anti-gp67),
and CD45 (anti-gp220) as well as by MoAbs directed against membrane-bound
IgE. MoAB YB5B8 (anti-gp145) selectively recognized MCs. Most
significantly, however, MCs were stained by MoAbs MAX1 (anti-gp65), MAX3
(anti-gp68), MAX11 (anti-gp65), and MAX24 (anti- gp65). These antibodies
bind to surface membrane antigens associated with a late stage of
monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Thus, our results provide definite
evidence that MCs share surface membrane markers with mononuclear
phagocytes. In contrast, MCs are stained neither by lymphatic markers
(CD1-8, 10, 19-24) nor by myelomonocytic markers (CD11-17). MCs also lack
the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25), the T10 antigen (CD38), and most
of the myelocytic markers expressed on peripheral blood (PB) basophils.
Thus, MCs displayed a unique phenotype within the hematopoietic system.
This new approach enabled us to enrich human lung MCs to a purity greater
than 95% by means of negative selection with complement-mediated cell
lysis. Purified MCs were subsequently stained with MoAbs and analyzed by
flow cytometry, which confirmed the results obtained from the double-
staining experiments. We next examined cultured metachromatic cells derived
from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood colony-forming units (CFU).
These metachromatic cells previously could not be classified by morphologic
criteria alone and have therefore been termed basophil- like/MC-like cells.
In this study, toluidine blue-positive cells obtained from either pooled
multipotential colonies (day 14-CFU-GEM) or pooled myelocytic colonies (day
16/17-CFU-GM/G/M) were recognized by MoAbs MY7 (CD13), VIM12 (CD11b), and
VIM2, as well as by an anti-IgE MoAb, after preincubation with IgE. In
contrast, CFU-derived metachromatic cells were not stained by MoAb YB5B8.
This marker profile corresponds to the immunologic phenotype of blood
basophils and excluded a detectable formation of mature MCs in colonies
derived from cultured hematopoietic stem cells.
Volume 73,
Issue 7,
pp. 1778-1785,
05/15/1989
Copyright © 1989 by The American Society of Hematology
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