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Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor beta during
megakaryoblastic differentiation of K562 leukemia cells
R Alitalo, TP Makela, P Koskinen, LC Andersson and K Alitalo
Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Platelet alpha granules contain several growth factors such as the
transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) that are released during blood
clotting and are thought to participate in the repair of tissue injury;
however, the site of synthesis of platelet TGF-beta has not been
demonstrated. We studied TGF-beta expression during megakaryoblastic
differentiation of the chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 in vitro.
These cells have mainly erythroid characteristics but acquire several
megakaryoblastic properties when treated with the phorbol diester
12-0-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbolacetate (TPA). During four subsequent days of
megakaryoblastic differentiation the amount of the 2.5-kilobase (kb)
TGF-beta mRNA increased about eightfold, and a novel 2.3-kb mRNA species
was induced in the K562 cells. This occurred concomitantly with distinct
induction patterns of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) and c-sis
(PDGF-B chain) RNAs and several platelet antigens. The expression of
erythroid markers such as glycophorin A decreased. Culture media of
TPA-differentiated K562 cells also contained TGF-beta polypeptides as shown
by a sensitive radioreceptor assay and by immunoprecipitation after
metabolic labeling of the cells. These polypeptides were not seen in
culture media from dimethyl sulfoxide- or sodium butyrate-treated cells.
Unlike in several other cells, exogenously added TGF-beta 1 or 2 affected
neither TGF- beta nor PDGF RNA expression in K562 cells.
Volume 71,
Issue 4,
pp. 899-906,
04/01/1988
Copyright © 1988 by The American Society of Hematology
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