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Blood, 1 September 2008, Vol. 112, No. 5, pp. 2004-2012.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 15, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-11-123596.


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NEOPLASIA

Primary cystic lung light chain deposition disease: a clinicopathologic entity derived from unmutated B cells with a stereotyped IGHV4-34/IGKV1 receptor

Magali Colombat1, Hervé Mal2, Christiane Copie-Bergman35, Jacques Diebold6, Diane Damotte7, Patrice Callard1, Michel Fournier2, Jean-Pierre Farcet5,8, Marc Stern9, and Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue4,5,8

1 Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Tenon, Service d'anatomie pathologique, Paris; 2 APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de pneumologie, Paris; 3 APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Département de Pathologie, Créteil; 4 Inserm, U841 équipe 9, Créteil; 5 Université Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil; 6 APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Service d'anatomie pathologique, Paris; 7 APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'anatomie pathologique, Paris; 8 APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Service d'immunologie biologique, Créteil; and 9 Hôpital Foch, Service de pneumologie, Suresnes, France

We have recently described a new form of light chain deposition disease (LCDD) presenting as a severe cystic lung disorder requiring lung transplantation. There was no bone marrow plasma cell proliferation. Because of the absence of disease recurrence after bilateral lung transplantation and of serum-free light chain ratio normalization after the procedure, we hypothesized that monoclonal light chain synthesis occurred within the lung. The aim of this study was to look for the monoclonal B-cell component in 3 patients with cystic lung LCDD. Histologic examination of the explanted lungs showed diffuse nonamyloid {kappa} light chain deposits associated with a mild lymphoid infiltrate composed of aggregates of small CD20+, CD5, CD10 B lymphocytes reminiscent of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we identified a dominant B-cell clone in the lung in the 3 studied patients. The clonal expansion of each patient shared an unmutated antigen receptor variable region sequence characterized by the use of IGHV4-34 and IGKV1 subgroups with heavy and light chain CDR3 sequences of more than 80% amino acid identity, a feature evocative of an antigen-driven process. Combined with clinical and biologic data, our results strongly argue for a new antigen-driven primary pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorder.


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